Section 1 - Fundamental Concepts

  • Chapter 1 Analog versus Digital 1
  • Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Crystals 5
  • Chapter 3 Conductors and insulators; Voltage, Current, Resistance, Capacitance, and inductance 11
    • Voltage, Current and Resistance 12
    • Capacitance 14
    • Inductance 17
    • Unit Qualifiers 20
  • Chapter 4 Semiconductors: Diodes and Transistors 23
    • Diodes 24
    • Bipolar Junction Transistors 25
    • Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors 26
    • The Transistor as a Switch 27
    • Gallium Arsenide Semiconductors 28
  • Chapter 5 Primitive Logic Functions 31
    • BUF and NOT Functions 33
    • AND, OR, and XOR Functions 34
    • NAND, NOR, and XNOR Functions 34
    • Functions versus Gates 37
  • Chapter 6 Using Transistors to Build Primitive Logic Functions 39
    • NOT and BUF Gates 40
    • NAND and AND Gates 41
    • NOR and OR Gates 43
    • XNOR and XOR Gates 44
    • Pass-Transistor Logic 45
  • Chapter 7 Alternative Numbering Systems 47
    • Decimal (Base-10) 47
    • Duo-Decimal (Base-12) 49
    • Sexagesimal (Base-60) 51
    • The Concepts of Zero and Negative Numbers 52
    • Vigesimal (Base-20) 53
    • Quinary (Base Five) 54
    • Binary (Base-2) 55
    • Octal (base-8) and hexadecimal (Base-16) 57
    • Representing Numbers Using Powers 59
    • Tertiary Logic 61
  • Chapter 8 Binary Arithmetic 63
    • Unsigned Binary Numbers 63
    • Binary Addition 64
    • Binary Subtraction 64
    • Signed Binary Numbers 69
    • Binary Multiplication 73
  • Chapter 9 Boolean Algebra 75
    • combining a single Variable with Logic 0 or Logic 1 78
    • The idempotent Rules 79
    • The Complementary Rules 79
    • The Involution Rule 80
    • The Commutative Rules 80
    • The Associative Rules 81
    • Precedence of Operators 82
    • The First Distributive Rule 83
    • The Second Distributive Rule 84
    • The Simplification Rules 85
    • DeMorgan Transformations 87
    • Minterms and Maxterms 89
    • Sum-of-Products and Product-of-Sums 89
    • Canonical Forms 91
  • Chapter 10 Karnaugh Maps 93
    • Minimization Using Karnaugh Maps 94
    • Grouping Minterms 96
    • Incompletely Specified Functions 99
    • Populating Maps Using 0s versus 1s
  • Chapter 11 Using Primitive Logic Functions To Build More Complex Functions 101
    • Scalar versus Vector Notation 101
    • Equality Comparators 102
    • Multiplexers 103
    • Decoders 105
    • Tri-State Functions 106
    • Combinational versus Sequential Functions 108
    • RS Latches 108
    • D-Type Latches 114
    • D-Type Flip-flops 116
    • JK and T Flip-flops 118
    • Shift Registers 119
    • Counters 121
    • Brick by Brick 123
  • Chapter 12 State Diagrams, State Tables, and State Machines 125
    • State Diagrams 126
    • State Tables 127
    • State Machines 128
    • State Assignment 128
    • Don’t Care States, Unused States, and Latch-Up Conditions 132 Chapter 13 Analog-to-Digital and  Digital-to-Analog 135
    • Analog-to-Digital 135
    • Digital-to-Analog 136

Section 2 Components & Processes

  • Chapter 14 Integrated Circuits (ICs) 139
    • The Fabrication Process 139
    • The Packaging Process 146
    • Integrated Circuits versus Discrete Components 148
    • Technology Considerations 149
  • Chapter 15 Memory ICs 153
    • Underlying RAM and ROM Architectures 153
    • Increasing Width and Depth 160
    • Alternative Technologies 162
  • Chapter 16 Programmable ICs 165
    • Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs) 170
    • Programmable Array Logic (PAL) 170
    • Programmable Read-Only Memories (PROMs) 17!
    • Additional Programmable Options 171
    • Programming PLDs 175
    • Reprogrammable PLDs 176
    • Complex PLDs (CPLDs) 180
    • Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) 180
    • PLD Applications 18!
  • Chapter 17 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) 183
    • Gate Array Devices 183
    • Standard Cell Devices 187
    • Full Custom Devices 189
    • Input/Output Cells and Pads 190
    • Applications and Technology Considerations 191
    • ASICs, CSICs, or ASSPs? 192
  • Chapter 18 Circuit Boards (PWBs and DWBs) 193
    • Subtractive Processes 194
    • Additive Processes 197
    • Single-sided Boards 198
    • Lead Through-Hole (LTH) 201
    • Surface Mount Technology (SMT) 203
    • Double-sided Boards 205
    • Holes versus Vias 207
    • Multilayer Boards 209
    • Discrete Wire Technology 213
    • Backplanes and Motherboards 223
    • Conductive Ink Technology 224
    • Chip-On-Board (COB) 225
    • Flexible Printed Circuits (FPCs) 226
  • Chapter 19 Hybrids 229
    • Hybrid Substrates 230
    • The Thick-Film Process 231
    • The Thin-Film Process 236
    • The Assembly Process 238
    • The Packaging Process 243
  • Chapter 20 Multichip Modules (MCMs) 245
    • Categorization by Substrate 246
    • Why Use Multichip Modules? 247
    • Cofired Ceramics 249
    • Low-fired Cofired Ceramics 252
    • Assembly and Packaging 253
    • Equivalent Integrated Circuits 257
    • Technology Considerations 259
  • Chapter 21 Alternative and Future Technologies 261
    • Reconfigurable Hardware and Interconnect 261
    • Three-Dimensional Molded Interconnect 273
    • Optical Interconnect 275
    • Optical Memories 284
    • Protein Switches and Memories 286
    • Electromagnetic Transistor Fabrication 287
    • Heterojunction Transistors 288
    • Diamond Substrates 291
    • Chip-On-Chip (COC) 294
    • Conductive Adhesives 297
    • Superconductors 297
    • Nano-technology 300
    • Summary 306
  • Appendix A Assertion-Level Logic 307
  • Appendix B Positive Logic versus Negative Logic 311
    • Physical to Abstract Mapping (NMOS Logic) 312
    • Physical to Abstract Mapping (PMOS Logic) 314
    • Physical to Intermediate to Abstract Mapping 315
  • Appendix C Reed-Müller Logic 319
  • Appendix D Gray Codes 325
  • Appendix E A Reed-Miiller Extraction Utility 331
    • How to Become Famous 346
  • Appendix F Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) 351
    • Seeding an LFSR 354
    • FIFO Applications 354
    • Modifying LFSRs to Sequence 2^n Values 357
    • Accessing the Previous Value 358
    • Encryption and Decryption Applications 359
    • Cyclic Redundancy Check Applications 359
    • Data Compression Applications 361
    • Built-in Self-Test Applications 363
    • Pseudo-Random Number Applications 365
  • Appendix G Pass-Transistor Logic 369
  • Appendix H No-Holds-Barred Seafood Gumbo 373
  • Abbreviations and Acronyms 377 Glossary 381
  • Dramatis Personae 415
  • Index 417